His second was the concept of the Popular Front. In many cases, the tactic defined by Lenin, from the beginning, when the vanguard group has not yet acquired extensive power and authority, is to form a coalition, a front, with other parties to confront a common enemy. For Lenin, this enemy was the capitalist regime. Then, once in favor of the other front parties, the revolutionary elite – the vanguard party – moves insidiously to infiltrate them from within, and then the vanguard party takes power and governs on its own. History shows us that violent purges often follow. Mao and Ho became masters of the execution of the Popular Front`s strategy. In addition to its military dimensions, the strategy of people`s war also has political dimensions. [3] In China, the beginnings of the People`s Liberation Army were composed of peasants who previously lacked political importance and control over their place in the social order. [4] Its internal organization was egalitarian between soldiers and officers, and its external relations with rural civilians were egalitarian. [3] As sociologist Alessandro Russo summarizes, the political existence of peasants via the PLA was a radical exception to the rules of Chinese society and “plunged strict traditional hierarchies into unprecedented forms of egalitarianism.” [5] In the 1980s, IRA leader Jim Lynagh developed a Maoist urban guerrilla strategy in Ireland, adapted to Irish conditions, to intensify the war against the British security forces. The plan called for the demolition of police stations and military barracks in parts of Northern Ireland to create areas under full IRA control. In 1984 he began working with Pádraig McKearney, who shared his views.

The strategy began with the destruction of two Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) posts at Ballygawley in December 1985 (resulting in the death of two RUC officers) and at The Birches in August 1986. Lynagh and his IRA unit were ambushed in another attack on an RUC police station in Loughgall. Then, the transition to the second phase, guerrilla warfare, armed struggle. In guerrilla warfare, attacks are carefully planned to achieve increased effect, but usually not for military purposes per se. Instead, revolutionaries in the second phase are interested in using military force for political purposes. What is or who is the first objective? This is a low-intensity war at this point, so the target will likely be an individual or a small group, for example, a police chief or village chief, or perhaps even a provincial chief or council. Abduction and murder are the tools of the trade, not so much because they want to get rid of that person, but rather to make a resounding point. How? Show the population that insurgents can come to the enemy, that their strength is a real factor that must be respected. It also triggers fear in the ranks. Initial attacks may cause little physical damage to the enemy, but psychologically, fears of possible chaos are fueled just around the corner. Suddenly, once well-off officials begin to fear for their safety. They can then pull their strength further inward for personal protection, which usually makes the villagers happy.

The term is used by the Maoists for their strategy of long-term armed revolutionary struggle. After the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War, Deng Xiaoping abandoned people`s war in favor of “people`s war under modern conditions,” which moved away from dependence on troops instead of technology. With the introduction of “socialism with Chinese characteristics,” economic reforms fueled military and technological investment. The number of soldiers has also been reduced and professionalization encouraged. These orders were generally followed and, according to historian Stephen Uhalley, made the Chinese Red Army a separate and exceptionally popular army in China. [1] The attitude of the Three Rules and the Eight Points contrasted sharply with the Nationalist Kuomintang armies under Chiang Kai-shek, which fought the Chinese Red Army during the Chinese Civil War. For example, nationalist armies tended to invade civilian homes without permission, tended to be rude and disrespectful to civilians, or sometimes even confiscate equipment from peasants for supplies. The Chinese Red Army, however, under the three points of discipline and eight points of attention, requested permission to take supplies and lodge in houses instead, and any confiscation of peasant property was an exception and violators were punished immediately. [1] For example, Red Army soldiers would be shot on the spot if they looted farms. [3] After the confiscation of the warlords` objects, it was customary for the objects to be redistributed to the population in addition to supplying the Chinese Red Army. As a result, peasants tended to spread disinformation to the Kuomintang when they arrived to pursue the Chinese Red Army, while showing hospitality to the Chinese Red Army whenever they arrived in the villages. This inevitably led to the wear and tear of Kuomintang forces.

Mao Zedong`s three-phase theory of the Lenin War of Independence developed the idea of the vanguard party, a revolutionary elite that would work to create the conditions for revolution. Marxist theory holds that capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction, it was only a matter of time before the conditions were met for workers to rise up in revolution and take power. But events had to be allowed to take their course. Lenin decided that he could set the process in motion by adding a brain that, instead of letting fate take its course, would act to force his hand. This was Lenin`s first major contribution to the theory and practice of revolution. Training of the headquarters of the Chinese People`s Liberation Army In non-communist states like Iran, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has profited from the protracted people`s war against Iraq. [8] It is also applied to the Houthi movement in Yemen, an armed faction backed by Iran. [9] In October 1947, Mao Zedong published a short memorandum entitled “On the Reissue of the Three Rules and the Eight Points of Attention”, which reminded the Red Army of its obligations towards the civilian population: Since that first purely political declaration, progress towards the third and final stage has continued to evolve. In the third stage, military targets come to the fore. To achieve this, there must be a constant escalation of fear through violence.

For example, an ambush by a patrol could get its hands on a cache of weapons. Then a police station is invaded at night and collects more weapons and ammunition and perhaps information such as the names of informants. Then, eventually, enough weapons and money are accumulated to encourage supporters to help. They begin to give information about government officials, and local families become more willing to hide communist troops. Over time, more and more locals took up arms and took part in the fighting. The insurgents` military operations are gaining momentum and becoming increasingly deadly. Eventually, a regular military force emerges that can fight government forces on the battlefield. This is the third phase. As we shall see, the Vietnamese communists have put their own veneer on theory and practice. Outside China, the People`s War was the basis for the wars that began in Peru on May 2, 1982 and the Nepalese Civil War on February 9, 1999. A group of Peruvian Maoists, sometimes known as Shining Path, controlled most of the country during Peru`s internal conflict, but they were struck by the arrest of their leader, Abimael Guzmán, in 1992.